Under Stockholm Convention Endosulfan will get globally banned.
Under Stockholm Convention Endosulfan may get banned permanently by saving our Indian farmers and farm workers also.
The POPRC nominated endosulfan to be added to the Stockholm Convention at the Conference of Parties (COP) in April 2011
The EPA announced that the registration of endosulfan in the U.S. will be cancelled
Environmental Protection Agency declared Endosulfan as Unsafe.
Endosulfan is banned in more than 63 countries including European Union, Australia and New Zealand, and other Asian and West African nations
Endosulfan was banned in New Zealand by the Environmental Risk Management Authority effective January 2009
Australia banned endosulfan October 12, 2010
But in India Endosulfan is used and manufactured in large quantities.
It is produced by Bayer CropScience, Makhteshim Agan, and Government-of-India–owned Hindustan Insecticides Limited and other few companies.
India the world's largest user of endosulfan, and a major producer with three companies
1. Excel Crop Care,
2. H.I.L.,
3. Coromandal Fertilizers
Producing 4,500 tonnes annually for domestic use and another 4,000 tonnes for export.
India is strongly opposed to adding endosulfan to the Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions
An organochlorine insecticide first registered in the 1950s,
endosulfan can be used on a variety of vegetables and fruits, on cotton, and on ornamental shrubs, trees, and vines.
Endosulfan has no residential uses.
Crops with the highest use in 2006 – 2008 included tomato, cucurbit, potato, apple, and cotton.
Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide that can be used on a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, cotton, and ornamental plants. It has no residential uses.
Household exposure is not of concern because endosulfan is not approved for residential uses in America.
According to Scientific American, endosulfan “is a chlorinated insecticide that is chemically similar to DDT, which was banned nearly 40 years ago in America.
Like DDT, endosulfan builds up in the environment and in the bodies of people and wildlife, and it is transported around the world via winds and currents.
Nearly all other organochlorine pesticides already have been banned in USA.
Endosulfan is used on crops such as vegetables, fruits, and cotton. According to The Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] the use of endosulfan is not harmful to humans through dietary exposure, but new research shows that it poses “unacceptable risks” to farm workers and wildlife due to inhalation and contact with skin.
Data developed since 2002 has shed additional light on the risks faced by workers who apply endosulfan and those who harvest crops and conduct activities in fields after the pesticide is used.
Risks faced by workers are greater than previously known, in many instances exceeding the Agency's levels of concern.
Endosulfan can travel long distances from where it is used.
For example, a 2008 report by the National Parks Service found that endosulfan commonly contaminates air, water, plants and fish of National Parks in the U.S.
Most of these parks are far from areas where endosulfan is used.
People may be exposed to residues of endosulfan through food and drinking water, human milk. Damage will depend how much Endosulfan has been used.
Endosulfan is volatile, persistent, and has a high potential to bio-accumulate in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. A large body of scientific literature documents endosulfan’s medium- and long-range transport on a global scale and subsequent accumulation in nearly all environmental media. Through the process of global distillation, endosulfan is present in air, water, sediment, and biota thousands of miles from use areas.
The human effects are largely unknown but tests on lab animals have shown that endosulfan is toxic to the nervous system and can damage the kidney, liver and male reproductive organs.
Endosulfan is also a xenoestrogen a synthetic substance that imitates or enhances the effect of estrogens and it can act as an endocrine disruptor, causing reproductive and developmental damage in both animals and humans.
Researchers studying children from an isolated village in Kasargod District , Kerala, India have linked endosulfan exposure to delays in sexual maturity among boys
The researchers concluded that "our study results suggest that endosulfan exposure in male children may delay sexual maturity and interfere with sex hormone synthesis
Endosulfan has been banned in Kerala since 2005 in view of the grievous ill-effects of its use in cashew plantations in Kasaragod, including nearly 500 deaths and chronic health problems among the population.
The Pollution Control Board of the Government of Kerala, prohibited the use of Endosulfan in the state of Kerala on 10 November 2010
A 2007 study by the California Department of Public Health found that women who lived near farm fields sprayed with endosulfan and the related organochloride pesticide dicofol during the first eight weeks of pregnancy are several times more likely to give birth to children with autism.
Synonyms – Endosulfan
1.115-29-7
2.BENZOEPIN
3.BEOSIT
4.BIO 5,462
5.CHLORTHIEPIN
6.CRISULFAN
7.CYCLODAN
8.DEVISULPHAN
9.ENDOCEL
10.ENDOSOL
11.Endosulfan
12.ENDOSULPHAN
13.ENSURE
14.ENT 23,979
15.FMC 5462
16.1,2,3,4,7,7-HEXACHLOROBICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTEN-5,6-BIOXYMETHYLENESULFITE
17.alpha,beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-HEXACHLOROBICYCLO(2.2.1)-2-HEPTENE-5,6-BISOXYMETHYLENE SULFITE
18.HEXACHLOROHEXAHYDROMETHANO 2,4,3-BENZODIOXATHIEPIN-3-OXIDE
19.6,7,8,9,10,10-HEXACHLORO-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-HEXAHYDRO-6,9-METHANO-2,4,3-BENZODIOXATHIEPIN-3-OXIDE
20.1,4,5,6,7,7-HEXACHLORO-5-NORBORNENE-2,3-DIMETHANOL cyclic SULFITE
21.HILDAN
22.HOE 2,671
23.INSECTOPHENE
24.KOP-THIODAN
25.MALIX
26.NA 2761
27.NCI-C00566
28.NIA 5462
29.NIAGARA 5,462
30.5-NORBORNENE-2,3-DIMETHANOL, 1,4,5,6,7,7-HEXACHLORO-,CYCLIC SULFITE
31.OMS 570
32.RCRA WASTE NUMBER P050
33.THIFOR
34.THIMUL
35.THIODAN
36.THIOFOR
37.THIOMUL
38.THIONEX
39.THIOSULFAN
40.THIOSULFAN TIONEL
41.TIOVEL
Support and demand ban on endosulfan pesticide in India.
Reality Views by sm –
Monday, April 25, 2011 – 6.50 PM IST
Keyword Tag – Ban endosulfan pesticide
Source –
http://www.epa.gov
http://www.scientificamerican.com
http://en.wikipedia.org
No comments:
Post a Comment